Japan Free Essays

Japan is about a similar size as California. Japan is comprised of numerous islands. The four biggest islands in Japan are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. We will compose a custom paper test on Japan or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Japan frames a circular segment in the Pacific Ocean. Japans all out region is around 378,000 square kilometers. About 75% of Japans land is mountains. Japans most noteworthy mountain is Mount Fuji at 3776 meters. Japan has a few volcanic districts and 80 volcanoes are viewed as dynamic. Mount Fuji hasn’t ejected since 1707 and is viewed as equipped for emitting again in the course of our life. Toward the east of Japan is the Pacific Ocean and toward the west is the Sea of Japan. Being in these two waterways has its favorable circumstances. Japan has an extraordinary plenitude of fish! The atmosphere in Japan fluctuates from district to area. Japan has four particular seasons. Spring months are March, April, and May. Summer months are June, July, and August. Pre-winter months are September, October, and November. Winter months are December, January, and February. Summer is blistering and sticky and throughout the winter it snows a ton on the Sea of Japan side and it is dry on the Pacific side. Japans stormy season keeps going around 40 days from the long stretches of June and July. August to October is the hurricane season in Japan. In April, May, and November, temperatures are mellow, and there isn't such a great amount of downpour in many pieces of Japan. History They have been individuals living on the island of Japan for over 30,000 years. To have the option to eat they chased deer, bears, and fish. They likewise, assembled nuts and berries. The fundamental curios that were deserted were pots. They were set apart with ropes as well as ropes. Jomon implies plug stamped. During the Jomon period the individuals in Japan took in new thoughts and advancements from interacting with China and Korea. They figured out how to cultivate rice. They additionally figured out how to make honks and weapons. This is known as the Yayoi time. During the time, gatherings of families start to battle for power in the Yamato Plain. The plain lies southeast of present day Kyoto. One of the more distant family bunches began to command the others and before long name itself Japans magnificent family unit. The top of the majestic house whose name was Kotoku became sovereign in 645. Japanese convictions were relied upon for the supreme family to legitimize its case to power. The family plunged from Amaterasu, the Japanese Sun Goddess. In 974, which is known as the Heian time, the supreme family moved to another city called Heian-kyo. Just men were permitted to lead during the Heian period. The city Heian-kyo was the focal point of Japanese government and honorability for a long time. In the 700’s they had the â€Å"Creation of private bequests. † What these properties were utilized for is so landowners wouldn’t get burdened. In the 1100’s they had the ascent of the shogun. Two enormous military factions, the Taira and the Minamoto, battled for power. The Minamoto family in the long run won in the 1180’s. They started to assume control over land from private land proprietors. During the Tokugawa period, the Tokugawa took over 75% of Japan. In the 1600’s Japan was presently home to five gatherings of outsiders: Portuguese, Spanish, English, Dutch, and Chinese. The Tokugawa thought Christianity was an untouchable religion and didn't bolster and that is the reason they didn't concur with the outsiders. They inevitably ousted the outsiders from Japan in the 1630’s. Japan had now stopped a very long time of war and was currently shut off from the remainder of the world. In 1853, contact with the west finished in direct changes. In 1867, they reestablished the head to his seat and made Japan known as a well securitized, hazardous, and serious world. In the wake of overcoming China in war, Japan accepted authority over Taiwan in 1895. Korea fell under Japanese control in 1910 after a ruthless war among Japan and Russia in 1905. In 1939 World War II started, the Japanese besieged Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941. They additionally bombarded U. S. bases which started a war between the Japanese and America. Japan gave up on August fourteenth, they had consented to end the war. Culture Japan has a populace of around 126 million. Japan is a rich and amazingly safe nation. The official language of Japan is Japanese. Numerous Japanese can likewise communicate in English to a degree. At practically the entirety of their suppers the Japanese beverage tea and eat rice. In Japan fish is generally utilized for dinners. The two most significant religions that are drilled in Japan are Shinto and Buddhism. Japanese society forces solid desires on ladies and men. Ladies are relied upon to wed in their 20’s, and assume the job of a house mother. They assume a solid job in bringing up their youngsters. Japanese are exacting about instruction. Understudies must go to 9 years of school at that point go to a University. Understudies who go to a University have a superior pace of finding a decent line of work than the others. Japan has a rich scholarly legacy. The country’s writing generally manages the nature of human life and ceaseless streaming time. Japanese families appreciate one of the most noteworthy pay levels on the planet, and their benefits and reserve funds are one of the universes biggest. Japan’s economy is one of the biggest on the planet. Japan’s fabricated items run from little PC parts to goliath oceangoing boats. The most significant fabricated items incorporate vehicles and trucks, electronic items, and correspondences and information preparing gear. Japan has a wide assortment of minerals, however supplies of most are too little to even consider satisfying the nation’s needs. Japan imports huge amounts of coal, copper, iron metal, and oil. The head mining items incorporate coal, copper, gold, lead, nickel, and silver. Japan has a cutting edge transportation framework, including air terminals, roadways, railways, and waterfront dispatching. Japan has flourishing distributing and broadcasting businesses. The country has around 120 every day papers. Japan is a nation of consumers. There are a couple of customs of drinking. To begin with, you never present yourself with a beverage. A word you’ll hear frequently when drinking is â€Å"Kampai,† it implies cheers in Japanese. The most well known game in Japan is baseball. It was brought to Japan in 1873 by a US instructor. Different games in Japan are Football which is known as Soccer in America, Sumo Wrestling, and Speed Boat Racing. The Geisha in Japan have been images of Japan since the time the reviving of contacts with the West in the mid-nineteenth century. The Geishas were there to be the amusement in the mid-eighteenth century. Japanese Holidays On January fifteenth of consistently Japan observe â€Å"Coming of Age Day. † All of the individuals who have commended twentieth birthday events in the earlier year get together and celebrate. Every February third in Japan is known as Setsubun. The word Setsubun implies partition of seasons. It denotes the start of the â€Å"Eve of Springs. † The Doll’s Festival, or Girl’s celebration, is praised on March third. Initially, the occasion was a straightforward occasional occasion particularly in rustic zones. It occurred a month later after the wonderfully warm spring season had started. Therefore the event was here and there called The Peach Blossom Festival. To commend young ladies development and great wellbeing, dolls wearing Heian period ensembles are shown on a layered stand. These dolls speak to the Emperor and Empress, their respectable court women in pausing and pastors. On March twentieth they observe Vernal Equinox Day. Vernal Equinox is one of the most conventional Japanese National Holidays. They observe Heisei emperor’s birthday on December 23rd. Government Japan has an administration that is guided by the standards and standards of a Constitutional Monarchy and a Parliamentary Government. The administration of Japan has the highlights and trademark that a parliamentary government ought to have. On the other had the protected monarchic framework that Japan has as a necessary piece of its legislature, has added a novel trademark to its managerial framework. Japan government is law based and is controlled by the parliament. Japan parliament is known as Diet. Diet again has two houses. These two houses are House of Representatives and House of Councilors. In the bureau, there is the PM with others chose individuals from various states. Together they control the official part of the legislature. There are five primary ideological groups in the Diet. These are, Liberal Democratic gathering, Democratic Party of Japan, New Clean Government Party, Japan Communist Party and Social Democratic Party. The Prime Minister of Japan is the head of administration of Japan. Since World War II, office has delegated by the Japanese Diet and by show is the pioneer of the larger part party which has as a rule been the Liberal Democratic Party. To be exact, as indicated by the Constitution, the ruler delegates the Prime Minister among individuals from the Diet with respect to the guidance from the Diet. On account of the fractionized and agreement nature of Japanese governmental issues, the Prime Minister has almost no force. His situation as President of the greater part party includes arrangement with party group pioneers, and enactment is typically started and checked on by party councils as opposed to by the bureau. Moreover, considerable force is really used by the Japanese common assistance over which the Prime priest has little control. The current Prime Minister of Japan is Naoto Kan. The main ever Prime Minister of Japan was Hirobumi Ito. Step by step instructions to refer to Japan, Essay models Japan Free Essays string(41) correlation with a progressively Western outlook). Japan has a populace of a little more than 126 million individuals, albeit every year this number gradually diminishes because of the birth pace of 1. 39 for every couple . Just as the way that Japan Is an incredibly homogeneous society with 99% of residents and occupants being Japanese with 1% of their populace being non-Japanese. We wi

Jacques Family Case study Essay

CRITICALLY ASSES WHY ORGANISATIONS SHOULD IMPLEMENT SUPPORTIVE CARREER Essay - 1

Basically ASSES WHY Organizations SHOULD IMPLEMENT SUPPORTIVE CARREER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - Essay Example genuine case of these progressions is the idea of agreements that are accessible to potential representatives, while mental agreements were for the most part the principle terms of understanding among laborers and their workers and included issues just identifying with the specific position they were applying for at that point, the presentation of value-based agreements that leave opportunity to get better should the individual advancement through the positions in the association are currently the fundamental kind of understandings found in numerous organizations (Yehuda, 2004). Note that a vocation can either be driven by an individual and is alluded to as Individual Career Management (ICM) or the association they are working for alluded to as Organizational Career Management (OCM). ICM can be depicted as the demonstration of an individual assuming responsibility for the advancement of their vocation through the decisions and exercises that they enjoy with no help from their workers while OCM alludes to the movement of one’s profession through the help of the organization that they are as of now utilized at with the point of them climbing the positions inside that specific association (Yehuda, 2004). Occupation postings †This alludes to the inside promoting of accessible situations inside the association for any intrigued representatives. These activity postings can be promoted by means of mutual correspondence mediums, for example, notice sheets inside the company’s structures. Execution evaluation for Career arranging †This alludes to the movement of having the nature of an individual’s work dictated by their bosses in an offer to decide their odds of advancing through the positions. This enables a worker to know whether they are performing great or in the event that they have to enhance their work. Formal training †This includes the association subsidizing its employees’ further instruction in order to help them in improving their capabilities for higher positioning places that might be accessible later on. This financing should be possible

The Life of Louis Pasture essays

The Life of Louis Pasture papers On December 27, 1822, a marvel occurred in a little town close to the eastern heaps of France called Dole. This supernatural occurrence would later be perceived all around the globe as probably the best researcher who had ever lived. He would be the one to spare a young man needing assistance. He would be the one to spare creatures that were close to death. He would be the person who might change the manner in which the world lived for eternity. His name was Louis Pasteur, organizer of the antitoxin for rabies, Bacillus anthracis, chicken cholera, and a lot more hazardous sicknesses. Louis father, Jean-Joseph, was a gifted leather expert who made cowhide out of creature covers up professionally. Since the tanning industry was in the family, many anticipated that Louis should follow in his dads strides. Nonetheless, Jean-Joseph and his significant other, Jeanne Roqui, had greater dreams for their child. They sent Louis to a school in Paris when he was 16 years of age with the expectation that he would get back to be an educator at a nearby school. Be that as it may, their expectations were broken after only one month. Louis had a horrible instance of pining to go home. He went on to school in Besancon, and advanced his training at Ecole Normale Superieure. Because of his scholarly encounters, Louis proceeded to examine themes in science. Louis Pasteurs first employment was in crystallography (which implies the creation of precious stones from concoction substances). He later got known as the originator of stereochemistry at 26 years old. Louis satisfied his folks dream and turned into a teacher, and was later elevated to Professor of Chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. At the University, he met and later wedded a lady named Marie Laurent, who was the girl of the leader of the University. Louis and Marie had five youngsters, be that as it may, just two made due past youth. Resolved to shield kids from illnesses, Louis started his logical research. One of the endowments that came to Louis Pasteur was a nine-year-old kid named Jose... <!

Philosophers Helping America Essay

The paper is about a specific thinker whose thoughts match with what is required of the United States of America. Evidently, absence of regular enthusiasm among the residents is one of the issues experienced by the individuals. The thoughts introduced by Jean Jacques Rousseau especially on the starting point of imbalance answers all the issues that encompass absence of regular enthusiasm among residents of a nation. The initial segment of the paper will be a conversation about the issue on absence of basic enthusiasm among residents of America. It will be trailed by a conversation about Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his talks which is made out of subjects about his subsequent exposition and its application to the issue of absence of normal enthusiasm among Americans. Along these lines, it is presented that Lack of Common Interest among Citizens of America There are three significant issues that Americans must consider for financial and political advancement and these are national security, monetary turn of events, and political force. National security is simply the ability of a nation to guarantee self-conservation and assurance in its inner and outer domain. Monetary improvement is a procedure by which a nation can remain monetarily steady and autonomous. Political force spins around the possibility that a nation must have the option to remain politically-incredible on the planet. The issue rises when political pioneers and residents of the nation don't have regular interests with respect to financial and political turn of events. The American individuals don't hold similar assumptions regarding national security. As of late, a few people are cheerful when the Bush upheaval in international strategy does not exist anymore (Daalder and Lindsay 1). However, there is a glaring truth that adversaries were simply hiding inside the nation. Research considers announced that worry of Americans on delicate universal laws and organizations comparable to war and dread can change the world (Daalder and Lindsay 1). However, it isn't denied that America permitted estranged partners to be unbound and enabled foes. Thus, Americans were partitioned shaking the political estimations of the nation. What's more, Bush organization permitted the presence of overstretched military capacities and duplicated dangers to adversary states. The establishment of amazing military agents in Iraq is one case of overstretching military force. This political system anyway was addressed by such huge numbers of individuals. Thus, we are helped that the United States to remember America isn't transcendent in spite of its unrivaled political force the world over. The normal intrigue ought to be the move of American political pioneers to work intimately with different states and end the overwhelming war. Concerning financial advancement in America, the individuals experienced contrasts in intrigue particularly on the issue of business re-appropriating. Some American specialists chose to direct re-appropriating with different nations as for client administrations and other labor commanded work. For these representatives, re-appropriating can give positive outcomes for their business attempts. A large portion of the suppliers of labor originating from different nations are delivering talented, serious, and dependable workers (â€Å"Outsourcing Effects on America’s Economy†). Regardless of the way that these laborers are gifted and serious, they are amiable to any understanding including low compensation. American organizations had the option to diminish their organization costs due to re-appropriating procedure that gives modest work. Then again, others are scrutinizing the redistributing system of American specialists since it caused the expansion of joblessness rate in the nation (â€Å"Outsourcing Effects on America’s Economy†). Some American laborers lost their positions because of the appearance of re-appropriating labor assets. The basic intrigue ought to be the prioritization of American laborers as far as work in its own nation. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and His Discourses The Famous Philosophical Writings of Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most savvy logicians of his time. He was a persuasive mastermind that his works picked up consideration from the individuals. He additionally picked up impact on others during the Enlightenment time frame in eighteenth century Europe (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). In the year 1970, Rousseau won in a paper challenges led by the Academy of Dijon by the work â€Å"A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts† (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). The essential contention of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the said philosophical work is that ethicalness and profound quality are tainted because of the movement of science and expressions of the human experience (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). The second work of Rousseau is entitled â€Å"The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality† which is well known for its broad clarification of the main talk. The second philosophical work of Rousseau didn't gain him an honor from the Academy of Dijon. Immanuel Kant’s compositions on morals were affected by crafted by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). Finally, the political goals of Rousseau were utilized by political pioneers during the French Revolution. Talk on the Origin of Inequality The Philosophical Idea of Jean-Jacques Rousseau The paper of Rousseau entitled â€Å"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality† addresses the inquiry on the starting point of disparity of men. The four principle parts of the exposition are commitment to the Republic of Geneva, a short prelude, an essential part, and an optional part. Rousseau accepts that the nearness of society is only a development. He endeavored to give a clarification on the idea of men by methods for stripping all their unintended qualities achieved by socialization (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). The said work of Rousseau is identified with crafted by Hobbes and Locke. Application to the Problem The motivation behind why there is absence of basic enthusiasm among residents of the United States is the presence of the rich and poor people. Rich and compelling people keep on settling on issues that fulfills just their own advantage. The least lucky apply endeavors to propel their requirements in the general public. Since, society is only an innovation as indicated by Rousseau, the nonattendance of human needs out of socialization results to the evening out of regular interests. Therefore, there is a need to annihilate childish intentions in the general public and political pioneers must take a shot at the normal government assistance of the individuals. Rousseau realizes that an individual is innately acceptable (Pousi 1). The desire of an individual to oblige what is required in the general public makes him awful. Cash is the reason for all detestable. Rousseau utilized authentic clarification in this idea so as to comprehend the elements insignificant to human instinct (Puosi 1). During those occasions when cash isn't yet the most significant need in each individual, the conduct of humankind is acceptable and there is a lower pace of culpability (Puosi 1). The idea of separation was created when human instinct was raised to the degree of abundance and force. Fundamentally, an individual ordinarily separates others on the off chance that he has a place with a rich and incredible race. Along these lines, the superfluous needs of the individuals like unessential force and impact must be destroyed. The need of additional cash must not be the explanation of administration and work in the general public. The issue of financial improvement must be unraveled if American traders will serve first the necessities of other American laborers before their own needs. In that manner, higher pace of joblessness due to redistributing work can be explained. The political and financial advancement changes after some time because of the presence of global rivalry over force to be reckoned with. The idea of fear based oppression was found when different nations needs to lead over the world like America does as far as political and monetary impact and force. The human instinct which is caring hearted and great was supplanted by covetousness and viciousness when the will to govern the world expends them. Rousseau is aware of the deliberation of reason which was corrupted by ravenousness of control after some time (Puosi 1). Thus, what is required is to settle on sensible choices intentionally for general government assistance and not for looking for egotistical thought processes. Rousseau is additionally mindful the great habits and right lead, ethical quality, equity, and love are the basic beliefs that are typical for an individual. Regard and unwaveringness towards others existed numerous years prior. Actually, understandings between people without composed agreements were utilized because of shared guarantee to perform commitments. The circumstance changed when deceptive nature and untrustworthy business perspectives appeared. Rousseau is attempting to clarify that there would never be an issue if the genuine quintessence of sound ethics can be utilized as the core values of men. The idea of ethical quality despite everything existed these days however was ruined by the will to get affluent and powerful. For instance, some businesspeople no longer consideration for the ethical uprightness of men when erotic entertainment was made accessible to them for reasons of business benefits. Prostitution was created so that all individuals will in general annihilate family connections just to acquire benefits. Rousseau was thinking then that sound ethics were supplanted by the word cash alone and none other. Equity is a significant idea that the vast majority esteem. Equity engenders harmony and amicability in the general public. Equity is the striking instrument that makes individuals responds decidedly to the laws sanctioned by political pioneers. It is likewise the establishment of the tranquil interrelations of the part components of society which causes us to turn out to be considerately and monetarily dynamic. But, when the capacity to evade the law existed, equity is not, at this point the standard yet the premise of each legitimate interest. Rousseau accepts that equity breeds harmony and amicability among individuals, yet he likewise realized that it very well may be demolished by close to home m

Exploring Essay Examples

Exploring Essay ExamplesExploring exemplification essay samples is one of the most important aspects of finding that special essay topic. Writing an essay for example, can help to put yourself into a higher perspective. The wrong choices could make the essay more difficult. Or you may come across essay samples that you think are complete bad examples but once you get started, you find you have not only adapted your essay but also improved on it.With these samples, you can be a writer that specializes in the area of the writer's choice. Or if you are a writer that can do multiple topics, there are also exemplification essays samples to help you out with this type of writing. They will aid you in coming up with topic ideas for your article. It is a big help to you because you will be able to focus more of your attention on what you are writing about and have no other distractions to deal with.There are a number of ways to research and find exemplification essay samples. A number of sit es offer free essay samples. You can contact their editors for the best sample that they offer. These samples will help you be able to tell if you can come up with a good topic for your essay. You may want to compare all of them to make sure you are getting the one that works the best for you.There are many writers who think that if they can get through all of the samples they will find the one that works best for them. The problem with this is that you may find that you are not just focused on getting through all of the samples you can come up with. You will also be more apt to focus on the subjects that you enjoy writing about. If you love to write about sports, perhaps you will be less likely to read a sample that has sports as the main topic of the article.When you first start writing your essay, try to decide if you want to focus on the topic you are writing about. The next thing to do is to compare the samples. Just by reading the sample, you will have an idea if it will work for you. The next step is to figure out what style you will need for the essay.Writing your essay should not be difficult. You just need to find something that you enjoy writing about. But if you find you get bogged down with the types of writing you are doing, maybe you should look into starting to do different subjects for your essay. There are many ways you can pick from for subject matter that you like.Other things you can try are to try several essay writing samples. See if you can come up with more than one idea for an essay that will bring out all of your strengths and weaknesses. Even if you write in one area, you can combine it with another topic to get more variety. For example, you may write an essay about animals but combine it with other subjects like cooking or decorating.Writing an essay can be one of the most enjoyable things you can do. So take the time to research and explore and you will be able to produce one that you will love to read.

An Organisational Behaviour Assignment - Free Essay Example

Olympia College, Ipoh Executive Diploma in Business Management Introduction What is organization behaviour? It is commonly referred to as OB which is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work. OB is an academic designation. With the exception of teaching or research positions, OB is not daily job category such as accounting, marketing or finance. OB is a horizontal discipline that deducts across virtually every job category, business function and professional specially. A historical perspective of the study of people at work helps in studying organization behaviour. According to a management history expert, this is important because Historical perspective is the study of a subject in light of its earliest phases and subsequent evolution. Historical perspective differs from history in that object of historical perspective is to sharpen oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vision of the present, not the pass. In other words, we can better understand where the field of OB is today and where it appears t o be headed by appreciating where it has been. With this assignment, let the researcher identify and describe the dominant values of in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s workforce by cohort with relevant theories and examples in question one. Secondly, the researcher needs to give three common decision-making biases that encountered in organization following by the errors involved, the circumstances and the effects of these biases towards the outcomes of the situations in question two. Describe the dominant values of todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s workforce by cohort with relevant theories and examples by using Malaysia as a reference A countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s culture influences the dominant personality characteristics of its population. Contemporary Work Cohorts. The society in which the employee grew up also affects values. The following are descriptions of the major cohorts of employees in the United Stare workforce. The four cohorts are Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters. Vete rans We call them Veterans (some use the label Traditionalists). Those who are aged 65(+) who entered workforce during the 1950s through 1960s. Veterans believe in the value of hard work, remaining the status quo, and respect authority. Veterans work hard and are practical. There is a heavy emphasis on the RVS terminal values of a comfortable life and family security. Boomers Boomers are the largest cohort. Boomers entered the workforce from 1965 through 1985. Tend to distrust authority and place a great deal of emphasis on their achievement and successful. Boomers are hard working. RVS terminal values emphasized are sense of accomplishment and social recognition Xers These employees started from 1985 through 2000. Xers value flexibility, life options, and job satisfaction. Family and relationships are very important and Xers are very skeptical people, especially toward authority. Xers like money but value increased leisure time. Xers are less willing to sacrifice for employers. RVS emphasis is true friendship, happiness and friendship. Nexters Starting in 2000, the most recent cohort has high expectation and expects meaning from their work. Very motivated by money and material possessions, Nexters like teamwork but they are very self-reliant. Nexters are high scores in RVS on freedom and a comfortable life. The average employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work-life in Malaysia is 50 years old. In question one, the researcher would like to discuss about the employees those working in the organization at the age of 25 to 40 years old, which fall under category Xers. Majority of them have proof to value flexibility and achievement of their jobs. This is because they had gained lot of experience throughout their life and know what it takes to achieve their target. Some of them are two-career parents and computers. Xers are sense of family. Their family and friends are very important to them. Those are marriage and have children; they always spen d their free time for family and friends like travelling, picnic and so on. Xers are skeptical people. They do not easily to trust someone especially toward business or money. In the researcher organization, Xers are very careful to do everything and do not easily to trust people. Although some people try to give them some opinion; they will consider it in a few times before make every decision. Xers are worries about the other people will betrayed them and take over their authority control. In between, Xers dislike complying with the rule in the organization. Normally, Xers do not follow the rule has set by the organization. For example, Xers do not like to wear company T-Shirt on every Friday. In fact, this is compulsory for every employee to wear company T-shirt on every Friday. Xers do not follow the rules because they think that is not as much important instead of more focus on the achievement the goals of organization. Describe three of the decision-making biases based o n the scenario of the current organization by the following the errors involved, the circumstances and the effects. Research shows that decision making biases have occur in the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization was examined as below. To gain an understanding of how the negative phenomenon happen in the company which is caused the decision making biases, this research is focus on (1) the errors involved , (2) the circumstances, and (3) the effects of these biases toward the outcomes of the situations. There are the several scenarios of decision making biases. Each is based on a different part of assumptions and offer unique insight into the decisions making biases process. Let begin with the orderly explanation of decision making biases. Scenario 1 Overconfidence Bias The overconfidence bias relates to our tendency to be over-confident about estimates or forecasts. This bias is particularly occurs when decision makers tend to think that they know more than they a ctually do and hold unrealistically positive views of themselves and their performance in the company. The error involved Based on the research, a problem exists when the researcher who thinks that is an invaluable to the organization however almost everyone could actually do the same job. The researcher might show overconfidence by coming late to work; early finish work and unexcused absence because of thinks can control everything in the company and not to get fired by the employer. The circumstance The researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization planning to organize a charity to visit to the orphanage and the visit date is just around the corner. Thus, every department need to be group together to have a systematic discussion in order arrange the schedule time table, preparation for performance, preparation for meal, sponsorship, budget listing and so on. As this is a charity event organized by the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization for the first time, the organization attaches great importance and attention to every detail. The researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization also worry about canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t make it successfully complete with the selected day. The researcher thinks that is no difficulty to reach the successful and shows arrogant to make a promise that able to complete all of the process deal with the dateline. Certainly, the organization very satisfies and hopes to hear the good news soon. However, the bad dream began to happen. During the peak perio d, every employee is rushing to their responsibilities job in everyday like doing report, achieve sales target and so on. Sometimes the employees are required to stay back after working hour. Wherefore the employee cannot focus on other programs except their own job. The researcher easily agrees by complete the task before deadline without the initial discussion with the related department. The researcher did not get consent and consult of the department. Eventually, the charity visiting program cannot reach to accomplishment of the best way. The researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization cannot schedule to find sponsors for sponsoring this charity event funding, leading to spend more on such planning. The effect toward the outcome In this matter, apparently a person overconfidence performance leads everyone had implicated innocent. Beside this, many of the negative problems may occur in the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization. After this incident, a lot of negative minded appear on the employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s brain, the employee will start to feel frustration and dissatisfaction with the overconfidence attitude of researcher. Therefore, the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization may risk the case of conflict among employees. In addition, the overconfidence attitude of the researcher will make the company leads to unnecessary costs spend. Scenario 2 Immediate gratification bias The immediate gratification bias is describes about the decision makers who tend to want immediate rewards and avoid immediate costs. It which mean as neglect the future outcome of the company when simply give importance to those decision choices which have quick achievement. The error involved This is a case based on immediate gratification bias. The researcher only focuses on the big picture earning points by setting the strict rules and force the employees comply with these rule in order to reach the sales target. Although the sales target is reached, the company did not reward the employee who been contributed for the organization. (2) The circumstance In a few months is the advent of the Chinese New Year, the researcher organization decided to increase the turnover and pushing the organizations earnings to highest point. The organization decided to sales staff department overtime in order to achieve the turnover target. Therefore, the researcher set a number of strict rules aim to make sure all the sales people are able to reach the target set in the shortest time. The rules are require employees cannot on leave on this following months, be sure to receive a daily limit quota of orders of customer, work for at least nine hours in everyday. Although the employee s feel that very strict or even feel very harsh with the organization. Employees think that can help the company to earn greater profits during this time, they will not be mistreated, or bonus would certainly be more than pass year. Employees will therefore pick up more business more aggressively, sacrificing the time for company family and even personal health problems in order to achieve sales target. In just two months, after staff efforts and hard work, the organizations turnover increased significantly as expected by 30% of all of the shareholders are satisfied. At this moment, all the staffs are very excited to wait for the researcher to request with the organization in order to increase bonus payment of good news, but the researcher refuse to help the employee to send their request to the company. By the opposite, the researcher aspect the employee should earn the maximum profit for the company. (3) The effect toward the outcome This had created a circumstance of dis satisfaction among the rest of the employee. The employees feel frustration with the organization. Many good and capable staffs cannot stand to the unfair treatment have resign and left, such action had negatively resulted to the organization. Scenario 3 Self-serving Bias The self-serving bias found as exhibited by decision makers who are quick to take credit for their successful and blame failure on outside factors. Some research has shifted focus to physiological manipulations, such as emotional inducement and neural activation, in an attempt to better understand the biological mechanisms that contribute to the self-serving bias. The error involved Based on the research, the researcher had made this bias in the organization. The researcher only focuses on the strength or successful but overlook the error making. Beside this, the researcher refused to appreciate the advice given by the organization but blame failure on others reason. The circumstance For one of the example based on the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization, the top management decide to select certain employees to attend training course. The training courses aim to advocating working knowledge of the employee. In addition, through training of employees who will allow to have the opportunity for promotion and increase salary. Employees are actively to participate in training courses. The employees are required to pass with the official test. Therefore, only qualified employees are eligible to be admitted because of the limited quantity of employee needed. The researcher compares over favorable to others. The researcher thinks is much better than other employees because have more working experience and well understanding with the organization. The researcher didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get a well prepare before the test. At the end, the researcher has failed with the test. The researcher dissatisfies with the result and blames to the top management. The effect toward the outcome The impact of the self-serving bias will brings the researcher make the decision but not earning the best interest to the organization. This phenomenon is unhealthy may caused easier to make error decision while planning certain programme. Conclusion Recommendations In conclude, the research show to understand that an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s values differ from, but tend to reflect, the societal values of the period in which they grew up can be a valuable aid in predicting behavior. The perceived decline in business ethics has been linked by some authors to cohorts. The veterans, who had high organizational loyalty, began leaving management at about the time that ethics were seen to decline in the late 1970s. Since managerial behaviors are one of the strongest influencers of organizational ethics, changing from a loyal cohort to one more driven by their own needs, (boomers), may explain the drop in ethical standards. It is possible that standards will rise when Xers managers take over as they value loyalty in relationship. In addition, the report shows that decision making is one of the primary responsibilities when perform duties in workplace. Decision making is means as to the end. It signifies identifying and choosing alternative methods lead to a desired state of affairs. The process begins with a problem and ends when a solution has been selected. On the contrary, personal biases can be divisive forces within a decision processes when they often lead to less than ideal outcomes for decision makers. People make a variety of mistakes when making decisions. These mistakes are generally associated with a host of biases that occur when we use judgmental heuristics. Primarily it is very important to understand biases in order to overcome it. There contain few methods to try out to overcome unconscious and hidden biases. Understanding bias Consider various ways you can gain some insight into your bias. Explore the dynamic of biases. Working on the bias Recognize that the specific bias exists. Consider why it is usually so difficult to remove biases. Ask yourself questions. Meet the object of your bias head on with an open mind. Ultimately take things a step at a time. References The McGraw-Hill Companies (2001), Organization Behaviour, Inc.1221 Avenue of the America, New York, NY, 10020. [Accessed 10th March 2014] Barrow, Colin (2009), The 30 day MBA, Great Britain and the United States, Kogan Page Limited. [Accessed 10th March 2014] Personality and Values [Online] Available at: https://www.prenhall.com/behindthebook/0132431521/pdf/Robbins_CH03.pdf [Accessed: 10th Mar 2014]. Michael Chibnik, American Anthropologist, volume 57, Issue 6, Article first published online: 28 OCT 2009 [online] Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1955.57.6.02a00130/pdf [Accessed: 10th Mar 2014]. Internations.org. 2014. Working in Malaysia. [Online] Available at: https://www.internations.org/malaysia-expats/guide/working-in-malaysia-15373 [Accessed: 10th Mar 2014]. Organization Behavior Page 1

Discipleship Is Not A Static Identity Essay - 1173 Words

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Bless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya Essay - 1338 Words

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Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter

Marin Fallon Mrs. Janosy English 2H 23 November 2015 Sin in the The Scarlet Letter The story of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one with many twists and turns. A young woman moves to Boston, Massachusetts while her husband takes care of affairs in England. After two years pass she secretly has an affair with the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. When she becomes pregnant and gives birth to her daughter Pearl, the town punishes her for committing the act of adultery. She is sentenced to stand on the town scaffold for public embarrassment and to wear a letter â€Å"A† on her bosom for the rest of her life. As she stands there she sees her husband from England in the crowd, who later threatens to find the father of the child and seek his†¦show more content†¦He knew that he was going to commit a sin but he did not know what the repercussions would be. â€Å"In a word, Old Roger Chillingworth was a striking evidence of man’s faculty of transforming himself into a devil, if he will only, for a reasonable spac e of time, undertake a devil’s office.† (Pg 140). Chillingworth gets a great deal of pleasure from torturing Dimmesdale. The narrator of the novel goes as far as to say that he is transforming himself into a devil. He feels this is the only thing that makes him happy. Similar to the devil, inflicting pain on others is the only way he feels happy. â€Å"After Mr. Dimmesdale’s death, a remarkable change took place in the appearance and personality of the old man known as Roger Chillingworth. All his strength and energy, all his physical and intellectual force, seemed to leave him at once. He withered up, shriveled away, and almost vanished from human sight, like an uprooted weed that wilts in the sun. This sad man had made the pursuit of revenge the one mission in his life.† (citation) Chillingworth spent a majority of his life torturing and getting revenge on Dimmesdale. Once Dimmesdale was gone, the purpose of his life was gone. Chillingworth had been livi ng his life for this and as soon as it went away he deteriorated. The sin was the sole purpose of his life and it ultimately lead to his demise. Hester is the only character in the novel that has a Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter Conformation Paragraphs Erika Bloes 11 / 19 / 15 Mr. Keating Block 6 Throughout, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† Hawthorne is able to enhance the plot by intricately incorporating symbols which represent a deeper meaning. One of which, is the infamous, and ambiguous, scarlet letter that lays upon the bosom of Hester Prynne. In the beginning of the book, the audience is immediately introduced to the scarlet letter as a symbol of shame and adultery. The narrator describes the Puritan society as very judgemental and harsh. Comments like, â€Å"This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die,† creates this negative and unwelcoming atmosphere which surrounds Hester for a majority of the book. From then on, the Puritans constantly refer to the†¦show more content†¦For example, on page 51 the narrator says, â€Å"But the point which drew all eyes, and, as it were, transfigured the wearer--so that both men and women who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne were now impressed as if they beheld her for the first time- -was that SCARLET LETTER, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. 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Even the puritan society reflected upon this symbol as relating to â€Å"able† and Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter Botts 1 McKenzie Botts Mrs. Eron English 2330, Section 02 November 10, 2014 A Sin is a Sin Nathaniel Hawthorne was a brilliant writer of the 19th century. Hawthorne created a novel that reflected the time period of the Puritans in New England. The Scarlet Letter contains a representation of the people during that time period but can also be related to the reader’s time period. Originally, God created the world with complete perfection until man fell, and sin entered the world. In the eyes of God, a sin is a sin. There is no worse sin that one can commit. Man is the one that decided that one sin could be more harshly judged than another. Hawthorne uses the theme of sin to show the importance of one’s faith and conviction and how those principles relate to fallen sinners. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale committed adultery. The Puritans decided that God’s judgment was not enough for Hester, and therefore, she needed to be humiliated and isolated from everyone in that town. Christians are called to bring people to God not condemn. â€Å"Let God punish! Thou shalt forgive† (Hawthorne 557). The sin committed by Hester and Dimmesdale was a sin of passion. A sin of passion is a sin that is committed in the moment. Hawthorne develops his whole novel around the sin of these two people. With every sin committed, there are consequences that follow. Hawthorne uses this sin to show how consequences affect those directly involved and those that are not. 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Beauty Vs Brains Women s Suffrage - 1233 Words

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Historical and Structural Factors Affect †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Historical and Structural Factors Affect? Answer: Introducation This essay is based on the knowledge of how does the culture, historical and structural factors affect social programs and the social outcomes from the same. Social programs are always set for the public and that is why all the factors which are raised because of the public or for the public do affect the social programs and even their outcomes (Andrews, 2001). Hence, it is very important for person to look into the issue of sociological Management for pulling out the issues faced by the social programs. For getting a clear view of what the effects are- we need to know the social imagination in the society and the culture of the same (Arvanitakis, 2016). As stated by a famous sociologist, dr. Mills, a person can only understand the social coordination and change if he is able to apply the sociological imagination on the situations. It is highly important for a person to understand the sociological imagination of the society to get an answer to the change and its effects. This idea given by mill, involves a theory of making a familiar thing turn strange. This idea lets a person question the world with different point of view and basically involves a social aptitude to the question and not just focus on the personal viewpoint. This statement can be detailed as- it is very important for a person, when understanding an issue with social and sociological point of view, to judge and look onto a point, not just personally but also measure allots outcomes socially (Andrews, 2001). Social outcomes can be only being noticed if one is aware of all the social alterations. There are many external influences and factors, like, social, cultural, political and structural which affect the outcomes of society on a daily basis. The question does not count- how a person feels about his looks but, instead It counts- how the society feels about the person who is conscious about his looks. To know the effect of racism in a society, one can study the interaction of communities and individuals to know the influence which has been created due to racism (Arvanitakis, 2016). It has been studied by many sociologists and has been found that in the modern society, racism is based on the phenotype and does not lie in assumptions of supremacy based on biological factors (Pierce, 2013). The changed way of looking into the social issues has increased the tendency to use cultural hierarchies for measuring instead of practices which just included minority groups. It has always affected the society in a larger view. We can see the social media changing their way of expressing and justifying racism. The idea of whiteness and multiculturalism has influences the society and the outcomes in many ways. The factors like- showing of power over the minorities and race factor has been affected majorly due to this (Arvanitakis, 2016). In sociology, inequality does not mean the difference in treatment but it observes a relationship between the privileged and the subordinate (Pierce, 2013). There have been many cultural and social factors which have stopped the poor countries from speaking up or even acknowledging their condition. Discrimination is one of the main hands of inequality. Discrimination with one sector group can lead to suffering of overall countrys productivity. It can either be a tribe, minority or a small language group. There has been a severe change faced by the whole world, which is being famous as anti- racism. The big past of racism and its present effects have gained a lot of people being noisy about fighting against it. An example is the iwillridewithyou movement which started due to the lint cafe incident (Pierce, 2013). The above case concludes that it is not just sufficient to know the problem and its effects to draw a solution or an answer to it. But, it is very important to look onto the social image of the problem and how it is being measured and thought by the vast society. Without a realization in the society and the minds of people suffering, one can neither start a revolution alone nor make a clear understanding of sociological effects of the same. Culture is not just a part of society but the truth is society belongs to the culture it adapts. A person can never just easily move away from the truth that society is headed by the external factors and culture plays a big role in this field. Any problem or any affair is widely affected by the societal, cultural and its political factors (Arvanitakis, 2016). Development is only possible in a society when all the cultures, sects and groups, living in a society are rising together. Same way, a sociological outcome and effects can only be studied deeply and perfectly, if all the factors effecting the situation are dealt and studied properly. References Andrews, K. (2001). Social Movements and Policy Implementation: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and the War on Poverty, 1965 to 1971. American Sociological Review, [online] 66(1), p.71. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657394 [Accessed 17 May 2017]. Arvanitakis, J. (2016). Sociologic. Kinloch, G. and Kovel, J. (2012). White Racism: A Psychohistory. Contemporary Sociology, [online] 3(1), p.65. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2063462 [Accessed 17 May 2017]. Pierce, J. (2013). White Racism, Social Class, and the Backlash Against Accounting Action. Sociology Compass, [online] 7(11), pp.914-926. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12082 [Accessed 17 May 2017]. Sociologic principles. (2014). [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified].

Discuss the Role of Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression free essay sample

Support that serotonin leads to aggressive behaviour has been found, as human and animal research suggest that serotonin levels influence aggression and violent behaviour. There seems to be a negative correlation as low levels of serotonin, increase aggressive behaviour. Although we cannot determine a causal link as the cause of aggression cannot be attributed solely to serotonin. The link between dopamine and aggression is not as clear as with serotonin. Although there does seem to be a relationship between high levels of dopamine and aggression. Dopamine is produced in response to rewarding stimuli such as food, sex and recreational drugs. Research suggests that some individuals try to find aggressive encounters because of the rewarding sensations it brings, caused by increases in dopamine. Researchers have also suggested that people can become addicted to aggression, in the same way that they become addicted to food, gambling, etc. Ferrari et al. made a rat fight for 10 consecutive days. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Role of Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the 11th day it was not allowed to fight. Researchers found that in anticipation of the fight the rat’s dopamine levels had raised and serotonin levels had decreased. This shows that experience had altered the rat’s brain chemistry, gearing it up for a fight. This supports the idea that both neurotransmitters are involved in aggressive behaviour and suggests a possible cognitive element in aggression i. e. the anticipation the rats experienced seemed to altar the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. It is hard to extrapolate these results from animals to humans as it is unclear whether the influence is the same for both. Hormonal mechanisms such as testosterone and cortisol, are chemicals which regulate and control body functions. It is said that hormone levels affect a person’s behaviour. An example of a hormone which affects body functions is testosterone. This hormone is found in both men and women, but in larger quantities in men. Testosterone makes aggression more likely, but there is not a causal link. Nelson found a positive correlation between levels of testosterone and aggressive behaviour in male and female prisoners. However these levels were not measured during the aggressive act so we cannot be sure whether hormonal levels are a causal factor. Observational studies of children have shown that they tend to become more aggressive once they enter puberty and their testosterone levels rise. Pillay found that male and female athletes involved in aggressive sports have higher levels of testosterone than those involved in non-aggressive sports. Despite these findings we can question this using the basal and reciprocal model of testosterone. Did the male and females have high levels of testosterone and so were more competitive and dominant, therefore enjoying aggressive sports as stated by the basal model of testosterone. Or were the high levels of testosterone in those involved in aggressive sports exerted due to the aggressive sports, as stated by the reciprocal model of testosterone. Whether testosterone causes aggression has not been proved, although it does have an effect on aggressive behaviour. It also plays a big role in encouraging other behaviours i. e. dominance, impulsiveness and competition. These are all adaptive behaviours in human evolution and therefore very important for our survival as species. Despite this, this is a deterministic view of human behaviour. If aggression is completely controlled by neural and hormonal levels then it follows that individuals don’t exert any free will over their actions and that their behaviour is completely determined by their biochemistry. There are many individuals who have high testosterone levels, who may choose not to act aggressively even though they may be provoked. This demonstrates how a person can exert their free will and choose to override biological impulses. By only understanding aggressive behaviour from a biological approach, these explanations can be criticised for being reductionist. Simpson argues that testosterone is just one factor linked to aggression and that the effects of environmental stimuli such as heat and overcrowding have at times been found to correlate strongly. Likewise social psychological theories of aggression, e. g. social learning theory and deindividualisation have also received a lot of research support, for example the studies conducted by Bandura and Zimbardo.

Swisher Mower and Machine Company

Executive Summary There are two or more alternatives that managers normally confront in various organizations. It is better to pursue an alternative that maximizes value and profit of the organization. This paper is set to discuss a problem that CEO and President of Swisher Mower and Machine Company face.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Swisher Mower and Machine Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is being approached by a major national retail merchandise chain with a proposal that mentions various terms and conditions for a business deal that targets the purchase of 8,200 units of private-label riding mowers on an annual basis. This paper will show why the acceptance of the new proposal may lead to a loss in the organization. Through extensive analysis, the researcher found out that SMC should be able to meet a break-even point of 12,822 units if the new proposal is accepted. Given that the sale s of the company as regards to private-labeled riding mowers amount to 40%, it would be risky to accept the proposal since SMC is likely to lose sales via other channels such as wholesale distribution and direct-to-dealer sales. However, if the chains were to accept negotiation over the previous terms in order to reach the break-even point, it would be worth considering the proposal. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult for the chain to accept negotiation given that there are other competitive manufacturers in the industry. Given the current terms, which interfere with the SMC advertisement and promotion, the management of SMC will not consider the proposal. Therefore, SMC should continue advertising and promoting in order to recruit new dealers. This would expand its market share. Problem Statement Swisher Mower and Machine Company began its operations in 1950s. The company deals with a number of products that are concerned with agricultural production and environmental cleaning. Ma nufacturing of the best mowers in the lawn and garden equipments industry helped the company gain popularity in the US and in other foreign countries. Max Swisher had been the company’s President Chief Executive Officer for over thirty years. However, after growing old, Mr. Max stepped down to allow his son Mr. Wayne Swisher to manage the company as the CEO and the President. With three years experience in the sales and marketing department, Mr. Wayne was expected to utilize the MBA skills to manage the company in the most effective way.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In early 1996, Mr. Wayne received a proposal from a major national retail merchandise chain inquiring about a private-brand distribution arrangement for SMC’s riding mowers. This is the first proposal Mr. Wayne encountered as the president and the CEO of Swisher Mower and Machine Company. The adm inistrator thought about the proposal as an opportunity that required keen consideration. This is because the sales of SMC riding mower had stagnated for several years. Nevertheless, Mr. Wayne and his associates had to scrutinize details concerning the proposal since it meant that SMC would change its current distribution practices. This was a challenge for Wayne and the management. Although the company expected high sales from this new deal, Mr. Wayne wondered whether the current distribution channels would be negatively affected. Presently, the firm issues its lawn mowers through farmhouse stores, lawn and garden supplies, home centers, and hardware stores situated in reserve areas. From the company’s financial information, it is evident that three quarters of the SMC sales are made in nonmetropolitan areas. SMC sales its Ride King Mower either directly to dealers or through wholesale distributors who later distribute the equipment to various independent dealers. On the oth er hand, the new proposal has come with new terms and conditions that Mr. Wayne considers to be worthy of his consideration. Apart from asking for a sample of 700 standard riding mowers at the beginning of the year 1997, the national retail merchandise chain expects to make an annual order of about 8,200 units. However, the deal appears quite different from the normal business deals the company had with other private-label institutions. The retail merchandise chain needs to purchase a standard mower at 95% of the market price quoted by SMC. Unlike other business deals, this retail merchandise chain did not need any seasonal or promotional discounts but guaranteed low price. In addition, the chain promised to pay for all freight charges. The chain did not want the title to be transferred to it until the goods were transferred from its regional warehouse to a particular company facility. After the chain had acquired the title, payment was provided in 45 following days. The company agr eed that for goods staying in the warehouse for more than two months, it would acquire the ownership title and payment would be made in 45 days.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Swisher Mower and Machine Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from the title and payment, some changes would also be needed with regards to the appearance of the mower. This effort was focused on differentiating the mowers on the new deal from the Ride King. The changes included a unique seat and a specific color. All parts had also to be American-made or display an American name as the equipment producer. The chain suggested that it would supply all labels using its own brand name. However, the national retail merchandise chain did not propose any mechanical specifications for the mowers that were to be supplied. Other terms in this proposal include the need for the SMC warranty that was required for all parts of the mower. As a result, the chain needed reimbursement of $22 per hour, a cost that was associated with the warranty work. If this business deal was successful, a contract of two years was expected to be initiated after which it could be extended on an annual basis. Termination of any contract would only be validated following a six-month notice. A new price would be negotiated after two years were over. The proposal also clearly indicated that SMC could not mention any relationship existing between the chain and SMC in its advertising or promotion. SMC would be liable for personal injury resulting from the mower maintenance or usage. Situational Analysis Swisher Mower and Machine Company Currently Swisher Mower and Machine Company is utilizing outside suppliers for machine tool work, as well as subassembly. It produces 10,000 units of riding mowers every year on a working rate of 40 hours per week. However, the company currently rents both space and office from another firm. Since its inception early in 1950s, the company has continued to focus on customer needs. This has made the company remain customer-oriented meaning that it recognizes and offers goods as per the needs and the tastes of both dealers and end users. The former president and CEO of the company insisted that the company should always maintain a ‘small company image’. This has resulted over the years into great relationships between customers and company. As a result, loyalty has resulted into strong sales. Distribution and promotion The management of the company has always stated that 75% of all sales are made in nonmetropolitan areas. Wholesalers who represent the SMC are located across the country but they only supply products to farm dealers located in the southeastern and south central parts of the United States. While wholesalers account for 30% of sales, direct-to-dealer sales account for only 25% of the total sales. Private-label riding mower sales account for 40% of the total sales.Ad vertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company produces Big Mow mowers for Mid-states that are located in Minneapolis and Wheat Belt, which are situated in Kansas City. In addition, the company has distribution arrangements with some companies in Europe and South Pacific that account for 5% of the company’s total sales. Company’s competitors and Industry This market comprised of 10 major competitors in 1995. The manufactures included American Yard Products, Ariens, Honda, John Deere, Kubota, MTD and Murray of Ohio. Others included Snapper, Toro and Garden Way. These manufactures normally sell their products in various lawn and garden stores and other special retailers. However, other manufactures such as MTD, Murray and American Yard Products sell their products to national merchandise chains. The 10 companies engage in production of riding mowers under national brand names. They also engage in private-label production. Companies in this industry produce both nationally branded riding mowers and private labels for mass merchandisers such as Sears, Wal-Mart, and K-mart, as well as home centers such as Lowe’s and Home Depot. They also sell the combination of hardware chains such as True Value Hardware. It has been confirmed that private-label riding mowers has led to high volume sales in the market. and it constitutes about 65% to 75% of sales in the industry. The major competitors in the industry produce mowers at different prices. The prices also vary according to the different retail outlets in the country. The national retail merchandise chain accounts for 24% of the total industry sales. Outdoor power equipment or farm equipment supply stores account for 22% of the industry total sales while Lawn/Garden stores account for 19% of the total sales. On the other hand, Discount department stores account for 13%, Home centers account for 10%, while the Hardware stores account for 2% of the total industry sales. Other distributors account for 10% of the total industry sales. F rom the industry statistics, it is clear that the riding mower unit in terms of volume of sales is cyclical. In 1974, the volume of sales was 1,020,000 units. In the following year that is, 1975, the units sold in the industry dropped to 640,000 units. This was due to the decline in the US economy. In 1979, the units rose to the highest of 858 units while it fell to 620 units in 1981 due to poor economic conditions. The lawn mower industry is seasonal since one third of the riding mowers sales occur in March, April and May while half of the sales occur between January and April. Analysis proposal opportunity and other Alternatives The decision regarding the proposal will mainly depend on the situation of the company and the industry where the company will be competing. The proposal will be analyzed in accordance with the internal and external environment. According to Wayne, it is true that the proposal needs a rigorous and extensive scrutiny to determine whether the proposal is wor th being embraced by the company. The proposal will give SMC an opportunity to expand its level of production. The company stands a chance to benefit from the expanded distribution in the metropolitan areas. The company had extensive distribution in the nonmetropolitan regions. There is a high chance for the company to get the opportunity to sell trail mower. However, the plan for production is underway. However, there are also other negative factors associated with the acceptance of the new proposal. According to the company, SMC had never experienced liability claims associated with the maintenance and use of its mowers. Since the chain had suggested that SMC would be liable for injury resulting from the maintenance and use of the mowers, there is a high likelihood that SMC would be exposed to more liability claims. There is also a possibility that the price will increase by 4% if workers were paid overtime. The overtime will be required because of the increased level of productio n. Increased level of production would call for an additional 1% of the current manufacturing cost. The company is likely to lose 1% of the company’s profits. Other expenses that are expected to increase the costs by 1.5% include additional inventory insurance, additional wear and maintenance costs, pilferage and breakage, and county property tax. Other one-time costs would be associated with the increased production. This includes costs that are incurred while arranging for specific sources and materials that differ from those that were used in the previous production. Rearrangement of facilities that allow the new level of production will also reflect the new increased one-time costs. The one-time costs would range from $10,000 to $12,000. Since the new proposal reflects an additional 2,100 units, there is a high chance that the financing cost will increase. The financing costs are associated with the financing of mower inventories and account receivables. The prime rate of offering short-term funds is 7%. SMC obtains the short-term funds from the local banks at the rate of 9.5%, given that it obtains funds at 2.5% above the prime rate. Given that the chain would need 8,200 units on an annual basis, there is a chance that the already established lines of sales would be cannibalized by the new proposal. From the evaluation, it is likely that SMC will lose about 300 units of Ride King every year. The established SMC dealers would not welcome the new competition arising from the national retail chain dominance in the market. As a result, there is a likelihood that most dealers that associate with SMC will drop the SMC line. According to the proposal, there are aspects that can be negotiated while others cannot be negotiated. Aspects that are likely to be negotiated include the title transfer and the period of payment. However, other aspects are more likely to be fixed. These include the unit price indicated in the proposal. Moreover, the company would be approaching new companies in the market for the same deal. SMC has the advantage since it manufactures highly differentiated and established riding mowers. Other manufactures in the industry offer indistinguishable mowers. Although this is one of the attractive opportunities to consider, SMC should strike a balance between this opportunity and other existing and available alternatives at the market. The new proposal is more appealing because the private-brand distribution is to be made with a major national retail merchandise chain. This chain would offer various benefits to SMC. The negative impact arising from the acceptance of the new proposal includes a decrease in aggressive advertising that is intended to recruit new dealers, as well as helping existing ones. There is also a risk associated with the introduction of the new Tri-Max product under the Swisher’s name. The manufacture’s list price for a standard Ride King is $650. From the company’s financial statements, it has been confirmed that the company earns a gross profit of 15%. For the cost of goods sold, the cost for labor is about $100 while that for parts is $453. The company mowers are of high quality in the market considering that they are designed in a way to allow easy usage, as well as easy maintenance. It also stays for long without the need for replacement. The warranty lasts for one year. As in 1995, the Riding mowers accounted for 63.6% of the Swisher Merchandise Chain sales. However, the Riding mowers only accounted for 57.8% of the total gross profit incurred by the company. Unlike other companies in this industry, SMC is lucky since its current parts are interchangeable with parts that date back to 1956. The company is also lucky because its patent for zero-turning drive unit has expired. Due to this, the company has faced no competition in the market regarding the patent. This is because no company has acquired such patent in the market. Another brand that was p roduced by SMC is T-44. This trail mower has a cutting width of 44 inches. Nevertheless, when the unit is hitched to a riding lawn mower, the unit increases the cutting width by 44 inches. This unit is pulled behind by all-terrain vehicle. According to the financial statements released in1995, the T-44 units contributed to 8.2% of total sales and 13.2% of total gross profit. The self-propelled push mowers contributed 8.2% of the total sales experienced by SMC in the year 1995. These units did not contribute any amount to the gross profit of the company. The replacement parts contributed 20% of the company’s total sales. This is because there is little standardization among the mower parts that are produced in the industry. The replacement parts contributed 29% of the total gross profit of the company. Since 1996, the firm concentrated on widening its production by setting up a high-wheel string trimmer product, such as Trim-Max, a high-wheel walk behind product. The break-eve n point Breakeven point analysis for lawn mower considering its flagship product, Ride King Profit = (Sales – Variable Expenses) – Fixed Costs Sales = Variable Expenses + Fixed Costs + Profits To attain break-even point, profits must be equal to zero. Therefore, for one to get break-even point, the formula changes. Sales = Variable Expenses + Fixed Costs Fixed Costs Sales and administrative expenses = $264,700 Depreciation = $2,300 Total fixed costs per year = $267,000 Variable Costs per Unit Cost of goods sold (standardized mower price) = (85%*653) $555 Sales Price per Unit = $650 Volume in units for break-even point $650Q = $553Q + $264,000 $98Q = $267,000 Q =2725 If the company chooses to sale its flagship product that is, Ride King, it should sell 2,725 units to meet the break-even point. Given the company makes total annual sales of 4250 units, it will mean that annual sales associated with Private-label riding mower will be 40% of 4250 units. This is because the company’s financial reports point out that sales resulting from private-label riding mowers are only 40%. On average, the SMC sells 1700 units. This means that the company will not be able to meet the break-even point of 2725 units if it only ventures in selling private-labeled riding mowers. With the additional sales such as those associated with wholesalers and direct-to-dealers, SMC is able to reach the break-even point. This ensures that the company does not operate under a loss. Acceptance of the Proposal from the National Retail Merchandise Chain With the acceptance of the proposal, there will be changes in the variable and fixed costs. Changes The payment for overtime will be an additional cost that will reflect 4% in the price of the mower. Additional direct material costs could represent another 1% of the current manufacturer’s price. Additional overhead costs were estimated to be one percent. Other expenses that would be expected to increase the price by 1.5% include additional inventory insurance, additional wear and maintenance costs, pilferage and breakage, and county property tax. The chain expected SMC to reimburse it for labor costs resulting from warranty work at $22.00 per hour. The one-time costs would range from $ 10,000 to $12,000. Additional costs Variable costs Raw materials = 4% of manufacture’s price Overhead expenses =1% Other expenses= 1.5% Total increase in variable costs = (4%+1%+1.5%)*$650=42.25 Fixed costs Onetime costs= [(10,000+12,000)/2] =$11,000 Warranty work costs per week=$22*40hrs=880 Yearly warranty work= 880*52= $45,760 Total increase in fixed costs =$45,760+$11,000= $56,760 Total variable costs= 42.25+ 550 = $592.25 Total Fixed costs= $56,760 + $267,000= $323,760 The chain suggested that it would purchase at a discount of 5% of the market quoted price Sale price per unit = 95% of 650 = $617.50 Volume in units for break-even point $617.5Q = $592.25Q + $323,760 $25.25Q = $323,760 Q =12,822 From the ca lculation presented above, it is expected that SMC should be able to sell 12,822 units every year to avoid losses resulting from low level of production as well as low sales. The 12,822 units represent the number of private-label riding mowers that should be sold every year in order to meet the break-even point. Currently, the SMC private-label sales represent 40% of the total sales. Given the chain plans to order 8,200 units from SMC every year, it is apparent that the proposal is not worth accepting. However, freight charges and advertisement costs, which represent reduction in costs of operation, have not been incorporated in the calculation due to lack of accurate costs related to transportation and advertisement. Rational decision From the calculation made earlier in this paper, it is clear that after the acceptance of the proposal, SMC should reach a breakeven of 12,822 units. Considering that national retail merchandise will be making an annual order of 8,200 units, it would be prudent to undertake a further analysis. The company does not clearly indicate its costs of advertising and promotion associated with 8,200 units. As it has been pointed out, it is apparent that the chain does not need any promotion or advertisement associated with products that would be shipped to its warehouses and stores. This means that there would be a reduction in costs associated with promotion and advertising if SMC accepts the proposal. Since the advertisement and promotional costs are not known, they were not incorporated in the calculation of reduced costs resulting from promotion and advertisements. Therefore, if these costs are known, there is a possibility that a breakeven would be below 8,200 units, which means it would be worth considering the proposal. Another aspect that still leaves some concerns of whether to accept the proposal includes the freight charges. The chain proposed that it would be able to pay all freight charges that were associated with shipping the products from SMC premises to the chain warehouses and stores. This shows a possibility of reducing the transportation costs. However, the information given does not indicate the exact amount that is associated with the transportation costs. Therefore, the transportation was not incorporated while calculating changes that might occur after accepting the proposal. This implies that there could be a reduction in variable costs if transportation costs were incorporated into the calculation after the acceptance of the proposal. As a result, the breakeven point would decline below the annual order of 8,200 units. At such point, it would be prudent to accept the proposal given that the chain will be ordering 8,200 units of mowers every year. Otherwise, with the current situation, the proposal should not be accepted. The proposal might thwart SMC’s efforts to expand its share in the market through advertisement and promotion. Implementation and evaluation The private-label repre sents the highest sales of the Swisher Mower and Machine Company. However, an interest to pursue the opportunity presented by a national retail merchandise chain would lead to losses. The company should continue with the current channels of distribution. The company should incur costs with an aim of expanding its market share. The company should also find new partnerships at the global level in order to increase its international sales from 5% to over 20% in the next two years. Selling of its products through known chains at the global level would enable it to gain an international presence that would further lead to more sales in the near future. In addition, it should increase the number of retail outlets it has throughout the country to increase the sales resulting from the direct-to-dealer sales. Direct-to-dealer sales should increase in accordance with sales through wholesalers. Direct-to-dealer sales would allow the firm to enhance the design of the mower in accordance with th e taste and preference of the final user. Wholesalers will help the firm expand its operations. Given that wholesalers are purchasing the Ride King at the market price of $650, and the cost of goods amount to $552, the company is assured that fewer sales would lead to break-even point. If increase in the cost of advertisements leads to increased market share by 20% in the next two years, the company should specialize in such private-label riding mowers. This will be in anticipation of increased volume of production that would be able to meet the break-even point. This essay on Swisher Mower and Machine Company was written and submitted by user Blaze Shannon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.