Discipleship Is Not A Static Identity Essay - 1173 Words

Discipleship For Barth, discipleship is the content of sanctification in which human respond to the Son of Man as Lord in Jesus Christ. It is a calling from Jesus Christ, whom is â€Å"the creation of his new form of existence as the faithful covenant-partner of God.† In Christ, Human beings are called to be the bodies of this one and only faithful covenant-partner of God. Therefore, in Christ, human is endowed a capacity as a freely given gift to accompany Christ. This capacity has nothing to do with the condition of human being but is solely based upon God’s grace. In fact, discipleship in Barth theology is not a static identity which is something like a nametag, a label, a qualification, or even a concept. It is a dynamic relationship which Jesus initiates to establish with human beings. Jesus summons actively disciples by disclosing and revealing himself to them. In this relationship, human beings are bound to Jesus, the one who calls him, â€Å"the living Lord,† â€Å"not a system of ideas† by this particular way of calling and asked to be the witness of his self-revelation. The nature of discipleship is a command and invitation to be his witness. Therefore, the only effective and valid response is the obedience in faith. Through believing what revealed in Christ and trusting what command from Jesus to be his witness, human beings are activated as the partner in the relationship with Jesus and therefore participate in the covenant in Christ. From the point of view of Barth’sShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Trinity9485 Words   |  38 Pages THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY: Instructor: Lisa Nichols Hickman – hickmanl@duq.edu Director: Father Radu Bordeianu, Ph.D. Course Description: At the center of the Christian faith is a mystery. This mystery has everything to do with the identity of God, the nature of Christian community, the salvation history and our understanding of Christology. This is the mystery of the Trinity – how is the Godhead fully three persons, and yet one nature? Theophilus was the first to name the ‘triad’ nature

Bless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya Essay - 1338 Words

Miguel de Unamuno once said, â€Å"Faith which does not doubt is dead faith.† This quote embodies a key element that is explored in the novel Bless Me, Ultima written by Rudolfo Anaya. While reading the Chicano novel Bless Me, Ultima, the reader may begin to question Tony’s reliance on this faith. Tony spends most of the novel questioning God’s reasoning. He also takes a very keen interest in the complexities of the world that surrounds him. While this novel does revolve around the theme of soul-searching, Tony takes the idea of self-discovery to a new level for someone of his age. Tony questions his faith, the concept of justice, and according to Ultima, he shows promising signs of becoming a â€Å"man of learning†. In the novel Bless Me, Ultima Tony embodies the foundations of a flourishing philosopher. A philosopher is a lover a wisdom. In order to be a philosopher, one must not take life at face value and question everything. Tony is six years old, how ever at the beginning of the novel, the reader can determine that he is rather curious when it comes to contemplating certain complexities of life. Tony is an outsider among his friend group. He is more mature and finds himself rather different from his group of rambunctious group of friends which include rather interesting characters such as Horse, Bones, Red, and the Vitamin Kid. While his friends ponder rather frivolous ideas, Tony pays close attention to the different cultural aspects that surround him and the ambiguity of theShow MoreRelated`` Bless Me, Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya983 Words   |  4 PagesRudolfo Anaya, author of â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima†, uses countless examples of folk-lore all throughout his novel. In doing so, he gives his readers great insight to the Mexican-American culture of the 1940’s during World War II, and how different the culture is than how most people are raised. The folk-lore Anaya used most effectively throughout â€Å"Bless Me, Ul tima† is; the whole idea of growing up and becoming a man, beliefs of witchcraft, children losing their innocence and the characters religious beliefsRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1463 Words   |  6 PagesB. Reyes 1 Bless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya L.A.P. Topic #4 Bairon Reyes Luna Mr. Amoroso Pd. 3 A.P. Literature 09/25/17 B. Reyes 2 In our hesitant humanly efforts to accept the ultimate fate, we find a painful truth, an agonizing indisputable fact that our lives must end, the way good days ends with peaceful sleep. Wistfully, we fail to discern the ironic beauty that is hidden, as we scramble to understand the superficial. This logical desire to understand its existence, and its necessity in our realityRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1730 Words   |  7 PagesBless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya Shaleah Mayo Topic 4 AP Literature Mr. Amoroso Period 1  What do you want to be when you grow up? A question that is always asked to a young child or young adult. You never truly know until you grow up and experience life for yourself. You live your life in search of what you like or don’t like; what you believe in or don’t believe in. Growing up and finding your way is something all children experience, but what if your way of life is already planned out forRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1380 Words   |  6 Pages Bless Me Ultima Topic #2 Abid Ahmad Abid Ahmad #1 An essential part of someone s life is a place where they are left alone with their own thoughts, not being judged by anyone or anything outside of them. In many cases, this sense of safety can only be found within themselves, because their world is being torn apart by outside influences that have little regard for their own perspective. Similarly, this is ever-present with Antonio and his family in the book Bless Me Ultima byRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1002 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, Antonio matures a great deal for his age due to the violent actions he is surrounded by.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of the novel the main character Antonio Marez, who was just six years old at the time, lives in a small town located in New Mexico. He lives with his parents, Maria and Gabriel, and two sisters, Deborah and Theresa. Tony also has three older brothers, but they are off fighting at War. During this time an older women by the name o f La GrandeRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1361 Words   |  6 Pagescan expand our thoughts to a multitude of different subjects and force us to be a slave to our dreams, such as facing parental pressure, religious ambivalence and the loss of one s innocence. This is true of Antonio Marez in the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya. Antonio has lost control and begins to succumb to his dreams and loses control of himself. He battles his expectations given to him by his parents and also at the same time has another battle within himself. He is confused in whereRead More`` Bless Me Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya1109 Words   |  5 Pagesare, were and are destined to be. You re mind creates illusions that either further enhance your knowledge on what your purpose in life is or could make you fear it. Dreams are essentially part of the foundation of a persons life. Rudolfo Anaya in the novel Bless me ultima uses the concept of dreams to demonstrate the growth and the loss o f innocence Antonio faces from beginning to end. The dreams Antonio has throughout the novel symbolize parts of himself he has to let go of in order to understandRead MoreBless Me Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1646 Words   |  7 Pages Bless Me Ultima Bless Me Ultima Author: Rudolfo Anaya LAP Topic 5 Written by : Jason Gutierrez Personal ideologies provide an aspiration for a fools paradise. That endeavor contrived a blindness that makes their perfect world, someone else’s ordeal. Individuals might convoke others for guidance to an explicit ambit to discover their own dogma. However, humanity has a type of ignorance in a sense that compels them to force their own beliefs onto others. Distinct mentalities collideRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1477 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought us into this world? Parents have a tendency to be extremely involved in every step of our lives as they have the right to do so but is it in their jurisdiction to control who we are and who we want to become? In the novel Bless Me Ultima by the author Rudolfo Anaya the debate of how much jurisdiction a parent has over their children is brought up within the reader. In the novel which is told from the perspective of the character Antonio, Antonio’s parents known as Maria and Gabriel have setRead MoreBless Me, Ult ima, By Rudolfo Anaya1743 Words   |  7 PagesJohana Y. Polanco Mr. Amoroso English 12AP Pd: 3 LAP Bless Me, Ultima The Classic by Rudolfo Anaya Polanco Page:1 Will he become his own man? In the classic novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya the Mà ¡rez family invites Ultima nicknamed â€Å"La Grande† or â€Å"The Grand One,† into their lives for the second time as the sharing of their two worlds begin the stimulating of their youngest son Antonio’s mentality, he discovers life’s secrets and merges into his manhood. For the first time he begins his conflicting

Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter

Marin Fallon Mrs. Janosy English 2H 23 November 2015 Sin in the The Scarlet Letter The story of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one with many twists and turns. A young woman moves to Boston, Massachusetts while her husband takes care of affairs in England. After two years pass she secretly has an affair with the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. When she becomes pregnant and gives birth to her daughter Pearl, the town punishes her for committing the act of adultery. She is sentenced to stand on the town scaffold for public embarrassment and to wear a letter â€Å"A† on her bosom for the rest of her life. As she stands there she sees her husband from England in the crowd, who later threatens to find the father of the child and seek his†¦show more content†¦He knew that he was going to commit a sin but he did not know what the repercussions would be. â€Å"In a word, Old Roger Chillingworth was a striking evidence of man’s faculty of transforming himself into a devil, if he will only, for a reasonable spac e of time, undertake a devil’s office.† (Pg 140). Chillingworth gets a great deal of pleasure from torturing Dimmesdale. The narrator of the novel goes as far as to say that he is transforming himself into a devil. He feels this is the only thing that makes him happy. Similar to the devil, inflicting pain on others is the only way he feels happy. â€Å"After Mr. Dimmesdale’s death, a remarkable change took place in the appearance and personality of the old man known as Roger Chillingworth. All his strength and energy, all his physical and intellectual force, seemed to leave him at once. He withered up, shriveled away, and almost vanished from human sight, like an uprooted weed that wilts in the sun. This sad man had made the pursuit of revenge the one mission in his life.† (citation) Chillingworth spent a majority of his life torturing and getting revenge on Dimmesdale. Once Dimmesdale was gone, the purpose of his life was gone. Chillingworth had been livi ng his life for this and as soon as it went away he deteriorated. The sin was the sole purpose of his life and it ultimately lead to his demise. Hester is the only character in the novel that has a Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter Conformation Paragraphs Erika Bloes 11 / 19 / 15 Mr. Keating Block 6 Throughout, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† Hawthorne is able to enhance the plot by intricately incorporating symbols which represent a deeper meaning. One of which, is the infamous, and ambiguous, scarlet letter that lays upon the bosom of Hester Prynne. In the beginning of the book, the audience is immediately introduced to the scarlet letter as a symbol of shame and adultery. The narrator describes the Puritan society as very judgemental and harsh. Comments like, â€Å"This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die,† creates this negative and unwelcoming atmosphere which surrounds Hester for a majority of the book. From then on, the Puritans constantly refer to the†¦show more content†¦For example, on page 51 the narrator says, â€Å"But the point which drew all eyes, and, as it were, transfigured the wearer--so that both men and women who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne were now impressed as if they beheld her for the first time- -was that SCARLET LETTER, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and enclosing her in a sphere by herself.† By so carefully embroidering this letter, Hester reconstructs the meaning behind the letter from criticism and sin to individuality and dictates how she wants herself to appear towards society. The letter becomes apart of her identity and especially her strength. Even though Hester could ve easily given up on herself, she was able to push through the criticism and create an alternate ending for herself and her child and this is represented in the scarlet letter and its beauty. Furthermore, towards the end of the book, the scarlet letter becomes a representation of the overall struggle that Hester had to overcome throughout the book. The initial point of the scarlet letter was to remind Hester of the adulterous act she had committed. However, towards the end of th e book the letter â€Å"A† stood as a symbol of light. Even the puritan society reflected upon this symbol as relating to â€Å"able† and Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter Botts 1 McKenzie Botts Mrs. Eron English 2330, Section 02 November 10, 2014 A Sin is a Sin Nathaniel Hawthorne was a brilliant writer of the 19th century. Hawthorne created a novel that reflected the time period of the Puritans in New England. The Scarlet Letter contains a representation of the people during that time period but can also be related to the reader’s time period. Originally, God created the world with complete perfection until man fell, and sin entered the world. In the eyes of God, a sin is a sin. There is no worse sin that one can commit. Man is the one that decided that one sin could be more harshly judged than another. Hawthorne uses the theme of sin to show the importance of one’s faith and conviction and how those principles relate to fallen sinners. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale committed adultery. The Puritans decided that God’s judgment was not enough for Hester, and therefore, she needed to be humiliated and isolated from everyone in that town. Christians are called to bring people to God not condemn. â€Å"Let God punish! Thou shalt forgive† (Hawthorne 557). The sin committed by Hester and Dimmesdale was a sin of passion. A sin of passion is a sin that is committed in the moment. Hawthorne develops his whole novel around the sin of these two people. With every sin committed, there are consequences that follow. Hawthorne uses this sin to show how consequences affect those directly involved and those that are not. It is trueShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne, in The Scarlet Letter, and Daniel Solove in his piece about â€Å"Shaming and the Digital Scarlet Letter† show that one who lives two lives with two dual personalities, purposefully or accidentally, can live the lie for only so long before he makes a mistake, becomes confused, and betrays his identity. The two lives that one leads most often have one persona used to conceal the other personality that society typically shuns, and he chooses to have these two personalities. He choosesRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1452 Words   |  6 PagesJunhee Chung A.P English Language August 20, 2015 Novel Analysis Assignment The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Plot and Conflict The Crucible is a story that revolves around the Salem Witch Trials. The novel takes place in Salem Massachusetts in 1692. It starts off with the local pastor, Reverend Parris, catching a group of girls, one of them his daughter and one of them being his niece, practicing witchcraft in the woods. Abigail is the leader of the group of girls, and her motive forRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1606 Words   |  7 PagesMarin Fallon Mrs. Janosy English 2H 23 November 2015 Sin in the The Scarlet Letter The story of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one with many twists and turns. A young woman moves to Boston, Massachusetts while her husband takes care of affairs in England. After two years pass she secretly has an affair with the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. When she becomes pregnant and gives birth to her daughter Pearl, the town punishes her for committing the act of adultery. She is sentenced to standRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesCharacters’ Name in The Scarlet Letter† (2015), suggests that Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism to greatly enhance the importance of three of the main characters in his novel. Lei supports her suggestion by talking about the different ways in which each character’s name is symbolic, and how that directly correlates with their characteristics and their actions. Lei’s purpose is to elaborate on the depth of the main characters names in order to revea l to the reader how Hawthorne implicitly makes theRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1503 Words   |  7 PagesMartinez Mrs. Lee English 3H, Period 2 9 December 2015 Judgement Day American author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, felt guilty about the intolerance of his Puritan ancestors, one of whom judged at the Salem witch trials. He utilized his passionate sentiments regarding Puritanism as an inspiration for his iconic literary work, The Scarlet Letter; in which he does not embrace but rather critiques Puritan ideology. Because Hawthorne has fathomed the Puritan community, he favors to provide a more in depth understandingRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1371 Words   |  6 Pagesmoney or a cost that cannot be remedied in the physical world. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne illustrates the high cost of identity and selfhood in society. Through the protagonist Hester Prynne, Hawthorne reveals the societal standards regarding chastity and sin that drive the high cost of identity and selfhood in society and their relation to the physical and metaphysical worlds. In addition, Hawthorne uses the townspeople of B oston, such as the old women in the town,Read MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1128 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist and short story writer.He was born in Masasschusetts in 1804 , whose father was a sea captain.He was descedant as a Puritan family known for their attacks on Quakers , Indians and ‘’witches ‘’.Therefore when he was 20 years old , he added a ‘’w’’ to his original name â€Å"†Hathorne’’ as a distance to his family past . Hawthorne ‘s characterists were described as a shy ,solitary ,idle student at school , who prefered reading as a lifestyle.He was graduatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1071 Words   |  5 PagesMrs. Jackson 16 December 2015 A Sinner Defined by The Scarlet Letter Society has not changed as far as labeling people and probably never will. In the Puritan society they branded, tortured, and defined human beings the way they saw them even though they did not know how the person they were humiliating truly was. Hester Prynne is a good example of this in the novel The Scarlet Letter written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne is using the character Hester in this novel to show how societyRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Letter 1392 Words   |  6 PagesAP Short Form â€Å"Scarlett Letter† AP English Language and Composition Title: Scarlet Letter Author and Date of Publication: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Publication in 1850 Significance of the Title: This book was titled The Scarlet Letter because the plot of the novel is centered around the question of who, besides Hetser is the other adulteress. Main Characters: Hester Prynne - The character of Hester is labeled as an adulteress, and is condemned to wear the scarlet letter for the rest of her daysRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1138 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne, author of The Scarlet Letter, asserts that we must try to change situations if one feels like they can have control to do so. One should attempt to change conditions in the attempt to make life more joyful for themselves and if possible their community as well. It is the responsibility of an individual to make the world a better place to live for the future generations. The concept of making the best of every situation while spreading positive ideas accentuates the responsibilities

Beauty Vs Brains Women s Suffrage - 1233 Words

Diana Gil Bueno March 1st, 2016 English 110 Beauty vs Brains In the last 100 years since the woman’s suffrage movement took off, the United States has made tremendous changes toward gender equality. In that time, this country has gone from fighting for women’s right to vote to having a female candidate being a frontrunner in the race for the White House. Although women have made great strides in trying to attain equal and fair treatment, women are sadly still valued more for their appearance rather than their intellect in comparison to their male counterparts. This starts off at infancy through the toys we are given as we grow up. Boys are given toys such as Legos, Tonka trucks, and superhero action figures. Theses toys are centered around creativeness and safeguarding such as building a house from scratch, or saving the poor damsel in distress. The ads for these toys feature only boys recklessly running around or dabbling their curiosity, as well as valuing competition and control. Simultaneously, girls are giv en Barbies, makeup, kitchen sets, and baby dolls. While boy toys encourage boys to use their imaginations and to role play their dream jobs; such as doctors, police officers, CIA agents, etc. girl toys continually and increasingly enforce the housewife role for women and convey how the ideal woman must look. In the YouTube video, â€Å"Toy ads and Learning Gender†, creator and host of Feminist Frequency, BA in Communication, and MA in social and political thought,Show MoreRelatedWomen s Movement Of The United States1438 Words   |  6 Pagessimilarities between female and male, or women and men. In general, men usually have different responsibilities and duties as women. From history to modern time, the differences between women and men has changed a lot. It’s nearly 70 years ago, that fight for women’s suffrage began in the United States. The Women’s Movement is a movement to combat sexual discrimination and to gain full legal, economic, vocational, edu cational and social rights and opportunities for women, equal to those of men. One of theRead MoreHow Has Feminism Developed? America, And How Have These Developments Changed Its Public Perception? Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesqualifies as injustice against women? What is the most effective method of bringing about social change? To better understand these questions, some scholars classify feminism into several â€Å"waves†, representing the main goals of feminists relative to the time period. The first wave begins with the activism for basic political rights spanning from the 19th to early 20th century. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunity for women, particularly focusing on suffrage. Some classify this waveRead MoreIs The World Getting Better Or Worse? Essay2215 Words   |  9 PagesSchool s Behavioural Science Group: Loss aversion is when we tend to focus much more on losses instead of gains,† said Professor Chater. â€Å"So losing  £10 is much more negative than gaining  £10 is positive. As our lives progress, while some things change for the better and some change for the worse, loss aversion means that we pay much more attention to the bad things. So overall, we think life is getting worse. I believe the declinism propaganda is spread to keep us living in fear.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The beauty of declinismRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand implement a well-defined system of rewards and punishments to control employees. THEORY Y Employees are not inherently lazy. Given the chance, employees will do what is good for the organization. To allow employees to work in the organization s interest, managers must create a work setting that provides opportunities for workers to exercise initiative and self-direction. Managers should decentralize authority to employees and make sure employees have the resources necessary to achieve organizational

Historical and Structural Factors Affect †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Historical and Structural Factors Affect? Answer: Introducation This essay is based on the knowledge of how does the culture, historical and structural factors affect social programs and the social outcomes from the same. Social programs are always set for the public and that is why all the factors which are raised because of the public or for the public do affect the social programs and even their outcomes (Andrews, 2001). Hence, it is very important for person to look into the issue of sociological Management for pulling out the issues faced by the social programs. For getting a clear view of what the effects are- we need to know the social imagination in the society and the culture of the same (Arvanitakis, 2016). As stated by a famous sociologist, dr. Mills, a person can only understand the social coordination and change if he is able to apply the sociological imagination on the situations. It is highly important for a person to understand the sociological imagination of the society to get an answer to the change and its effects. This idea given by mill, involves a theory of making a familiar thing turn strange. This idea lets a person question the world with different point of view and basically involves a social aptitude to the question and not just focus on the personal viewpoint. This statement can be detailed as- it is very important for a person, when understanding an issue with social and sociological point of view, to judge and look onto a point, not just personally but also measure allots outcomes socially (Andrews, 2001). Social outcomes can be only being noticed if one is aware of all the social alterations. There are many external influences and factors, like, social, cultural, political and structural which affect the outcomes of society on a daily basis. The question does not count- how a person feels about his looks but, instead It counts- how the society feels about the person who is conscious about his looks. To know the effect of racism in a society, one can study the interaction of communities and individuals to know the influence which has been created due to racism (Arvanitakis, 2016). It has been studied by many sociologists and has been found that in the modern society, racism is based on the phenotype and does not lie in assumptions of supremacy based on biological factors (Pierce, 2013). The changed way of looking into the social issues has increased the tendency to use cultural hierarchies for measuring instead of practices which just included minority groups. It has always affected the society in a larger view. We can see the social media changing their way of expressing and justifying racism. The idea of whiteness and multiculturalism has influences the society and the outcomes in many ways. The factors like- showing of power over the minorities and race factor has been affected majorly due to this (Arvanitakis, 2016). In sociology, inequality does not mean the difference in treatment but it observes a relationship between the privileged and the subordinate (Pierce, 2013). There have been many cultural and social factors which have stopped the poor countries from speaking up or even acknowledging their condition. Discrimination is one of the main hands of inequality. Discrimination with one sector group can lead to suffering of overall countrys productivity. It can either be a tribe, minority or a small language group. There has been a severe change faced by the whole world, which is being famous as anti- racism. The big past of racism and its present effects have gained a lot of people being noisy about fighting against it. An example is the iwillridewithyou movement which started due to the lint cafe incident (Pierce, 2013). The above case concludes that it is not just sufficient to know the problem and its effects to draw a solution or an answer to it. But, it is very important to look onto the social image of the problem and how it is being measured and thought by the vast society. Without a realization in the society and the minds of people suffering, one can neither start a revolution alone nor make a clear understanding of sociological effects of the same. Culture is not just a part of society but the truth is society belongs to the culture it adapts. A person can never just easily move away from the truth that society is headed by the external factors and culture plays a big role in this field. Any problem or any affair is widely affected by the societal, cultural and its political factors (Arvanitakis, 2016). Development is only possible in a society when all the cultures, sects and groups, living in a society are rising together. Same way, a sociological outcome and effects can only be studied deeply and perfectly, if all the factors effecting the situation are dealt and studied properly. References Andrews, K. (2001). Social Movements and Policy Implementation: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and the War on Poverty, 1965 to 1971. American Sociological Review, [online] 66(1), p.71. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657394 [Accessed 17 May 2017]. Arvanitakis, J. (2016). Sociologic. Kinloch, G. and Kovel, J. (2012). White Racism: A Psychohistory. Contemporary Sociology, [online] 3(1), p.65. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2063462 [Accessed 17 May 2017]. Pierce, J. (2013). White Racism, Social Class, and the Backlash Against Accounting Action. Sociology Compass, [online] 7(11), pp.914-926. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12082 [Accessed 17 May 2017]. Sociologic principles. (2014). [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified].

Discuss the Role of Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression free essay sample

Support that serotonin leads to aggressive behaviour has been found, as human and animal research suggest that serotonin levels influence aggression and violent behaviour. There seems to be a negative correlation as low levels of serotonin, increase aggressive behaviour. Although we cannot determine a causal link as the cause of aggression cannot be attributed solely to serotonin. The link between dopamine and aggression is not as clear as with serotonin. Although there does seem to be a relationship between high levels of dopamine and aggression. Dopamine is produced in response to rewarding stimuli such as food, sex and recreational drugs. Research suggests that some individuals try to find aggressive encounters because of the rewarding sensations it brings, caused by increases in dopamine. Researchers have also suggested that people can become addicted to aggression, in the same way that they become addicted to food, gambling, etc. Ferrari et al. made a rat fight for 10 consecutive days. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Role of Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the 11th day it was not allowed to fight. Researchers found that in anticipation of the fight the rat’s dopamine levels had raised and serotonin levels had decreased. This shows that experience had altered the rat’s brain chemistry, gearing it up for a fight. This supports the idea that both neurotransmitters are involved in aggressive behaviour and suggests a possible cognitive element in aggression i. e. the anticipation the rats experienced seemed to altar the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. It is hard to extrapolate these results from animals to humans as it is unclear whether the influence is the same for both. Hormonal mechanisms such as testosterone and cortisol, are chemicals which regulate and control body functions. It is said that hormone levels affect a person’s behaviour. An example of a hormone which affects body functions is testosterone. This hormone is found in both men and women, but in larger quantities in men. Testosterone makes aggression more likely, but there is not a causal link. Nelson found a positive correlation between levels of testosterone and aggressive behaviour in male and female prisoners. However these levels were not measured during the aggressive act so we cannot be sure whether hormonal levels are a causal factor. Observational studies of children have shown that they tend to become more aggressive once they enter puberty and their testosterone levels rise. Pillay found that male and female athletes involved in aggressive sports have higher levels of testosterone than those involved in non-aggressive sports. Despite these findings we can question this using the basal and reciprocal model of testosterone. Did the male and females have high levels of testosterone and so were more competitive and dominant, therefore enjoying aggressive sports as stated by the basal model of testosterone. Or were the high levels of testosterone in those involved in aggressive sports exerted due to the aggressive sports, as stated by the reciprocal model of testosterone. Whether testosterone causes aggression has not been proved, although it does have an effect on aggressive behaviour. It also plays a big role in encouraging other behaviours i. e. dominance, impulsiveness and competition. These are all adaptive behaviours in human evolution and therefore very important for our survival as species. Despite this, this is a deterministic view of human behaviour. If aggression is completely controlled by neural and hormonal levels then it follows that individuals don’t exert any free will over their actions and that their behaviour is completely determined by their biochemistry. There are many individuals who have high testosterone levels, who may choose not to act aggressively even though they may be provoked. This demonstrates how a person can exert their free will and choose to override biological impulses. By only understanding aggressive behaviour from a biological approach, these explanations can be criticised for being reductionist. Simpson argues that testosterone is just one factor linked to aggression and that the effects of environmental stimuli such as heat and overcrowding have at times been found to correlate strongly. Likewise social psychological theories of aggression, e. g. social learning theory and deindividualisation have also received a lot of research support, for example the studies conducted by Bandura and Zimbardo.